Browse the articles below — a handpicked collection of legal insights, case studies, and explainers across key topics. Dive in and explore the law, one post at a time.
| Sr. No. | Topic Name |
|---|---|
| Introduction & Basic Concepts | |
| 1 | Nature, Object & Scope of Evidence Law |
| 2 | Evolution: Indian Evidence Act → BSA 2023 |
| 3 | Key Definitions (Fact, Fact in Issue, Relevant Fact, Evidence, etc.) |
| 4 | Facts in Issue vs Relevant Facts |
| 5 | Scheme & Structure of BSA 2023 |
| Relevancy of Facts | |
| 6 | Doctrine of Res Gestae |
| 7 | Motive, Preparation & Conduct |
| 8 | Similar Fact Evidence |
| 9 | Conspiracy – Relevancy of Acts & Statements |
| 10 | Facts Necessary to Explain or Introduce Relevant Facts |
| 11 | Identity & State of Mind Evidence |
| Admissions & Confessions | |
| 12 | Admissions – Definition & Relevancy |
| 13 | Confessions – Meaning & Types |
| 14 | Confessions to Police Officers |
| 15 | Confessions in Custody |
| 16 | Discovery under Section 27 (BSA Equivalent) |
| 17 | Retracted Confessions |
| 18 | Dying Declarations |
| Statements by Persons Who Cannot Be Called as Witnesses | |
| 19 | Hearsay Rule & Exceptions |
| 20 | Former Testimony |
| 21 | Statements in Special Circumstances |
| 22 | Entries in Public Records |
| 23 | Opinions of Experts |
| Character Evidence | |
| 24 | Character in Civil Cases |
| 25 | Character in Criminal Cases |
| 26 | Previous Bad Acts / Criminal History |
| Judgments & Judicial Acts | |
| 27 | Relevancy of Judgments |
| 28 | Judgments in Rem |
| 29 | Judgments in Personam |
| Burden of Proof | |
| 30 | Meaning of Burden of Proof |
| 31 | On Whom Burden Lies |
| 32 | Shifting of Burden |
| 33 | Presumptions of Fact & Law |
| 34 | Rebuttable & Irrebuttable Presumptions |
| 35 | Special Burdens in Criminal Law |
| 36 | Dowry Death, Rape, Cruelty – Statutory Presumptions |
| Estoppel | |
| 37 | Meaning & Types of Estoppel |
| 38 | Estoppel by Deed, Conduct & Representation |
| 39 | Estoppel Against Minors & Government |
| Documentary Evidence | |
| 40 | Primary & Secondary Evidence |
| 41 | Public & Private Documents |
| 42 | Certified Copies |
| 43 | Proof of Signature & Handwriting |
| 44 | Presumptions as to Documents |
| 45 | Electronic Records – Admissibility under BSA |
| 46 | Electronic Evidence – Certificates & Conditions |
| Oral Evidence | |
| 47 | Direct & Indirect Evidence |
| 48 | Competency of Witnesses |
| 49 | Accomplice Testimony |
| 50 | Expert Testimony (Medical, Cyber, Forensic) |
| Examination of Witnesses | |
| 51 | Examination-in-Chief |
| 52 | Cross-Examination |
| 53 | Re-Examination |
| 54 | Leading Questions |
| 55 | Hostile Witnesses |
| 56 | Refreshing Memory |
| 57 | Impeaching Credit of Witnesses |
| 58 | Protection of Vulnerable Witnesses |
| Exclusion of Evidence | |
| 59 | Illegally Obtained Evidence – Admissibility Debate |
| 60 | Privileged Communications |
| 61 | Professional Communications (Advocate–Client) |
| 62 | Communications during Marriage |
| 63 | State Privilege (Sections 123–124 IEA; BSA Equivalent) |
| Special Provisions under BSA 2023 | |
| 64 | Digital & Electronic Evidence Reforms |
| 65 | Deepfake, AI-Generated Evidence Rules |
| 66 | Chain of Custody Requirements |
| 67 | Modernised Presumptions & Interpretations |